Although we hear the word depression every day due to its widespread use in casual conversation, in a professional sense, depressive disorder is not just any drop in mood (e.g., sadness, melancholy, etc.) that an individual might experience.
Depression is a mental disorder characterized by changes in mood, thinking, and behavior, accompanied by various physical symptoms. The symptoms persist for more than two weeks.
What is depression?
During a depressive episode, the individual suffers from a low mood and reduced energy, leading to a decrease in activity. The person becomes less capable of enjoying things that used to bring them pleasure and relaxation. There is a reduced interest in activities and a diminished ability to concentrate, along with significant fatigue even with minimal effort. Depression is often accompanied by sleep disturbances, a decrease in appetite, and reduced libido.
The person dealing with depression often feels worthless.
Mood disorders are also accompanied by a decline in self-esteem, and confidence in oneself and one’s actions is diminished. Feelings of guilt and worthlessness are common.
Quality of life significantly deteriorates.
Due to the loss of interest, the individual socializes less, which often leads to the weakening of interpersonal relationships. Problems often arise in the workplace as well.
Mild, moderate, and severe depressive episodes.
In a mild depressive episode, fewer of the listed symptoms are present. The patient is affected, but they can continue with most activities. In a severe depressive episode, more of the severe and distressing symptoms are present, accompanied by a loss of self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness. Suicidal thoughts and actions are also common.
What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a condition where depressive episodes alternate with manic episodes, characterized by elevated mood and increased energy. During mania, the individual is extremely happy and euphoric. They may experience grandiosity and feelings of omnipotence. There is a decreased need for sleep and increased activity. Although individuals may engage in pleasurable activities, these often have negative consequences (e.g., excessive shopping, spending, unreasonable financial investments). Concentration is reduced, and the person may rapidly jump from one idea to another.