Physical signs of stress vary among individuals and are not equally intense.
During a stressful event, an individual typically experiences an increased heart rate and blood pressure. Symptoms may include sweating, blushing, tense and contracted muscles, as well as difficulties with swallowing and breathing. Breathing can become rapid and shallow, leading to hyperventilation and a sensation of nausea. Various hormones, such as cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, are released into the body.
Psychological signs of stress are reflected in changes in thinking and emotions.
Individuals may experience a decreased ability to concentrate, forgetfulness, and indecision. Sensitivity to criticism may increase, accompanied by negative self-critical thoughts and constant worries. Stressful events often lead to anxiety, tension, various fears, and panic. Feelings of sadness, depression, diminished self-esteem, guilt, and shame may also occur.
Behavioral signs of stress range from passivity to frequent emotional outbursts.
Increased stress often accompanies insomnia, early waking, and changes in appetite—either a decrease or increase. Some individuals resort to unhealthy habits, such as smoking or drinking alcohol.
Is stress always negative?
Although we usually associate the term "stress" with negative and unpleasant experiences, stress can be categorized into distress, which refers to negative stress, and eustress, which, while still introducing stress into our daily lives, is associated with positive events (e.g., planning a wedding or a major party). These situations are not perceived as threats but as challenges. In the right amount, stress can motivate us and prepare us to give our best effort.
Of course, not everyone experiences situations the same way, so the same situation can represent both positive and negative stress.
When is stress dangerous?
Stress becomes dangerous when an individual feels they can no longer control the situation and the demands exceed their capacity. Research indicates that repetitive, long-lasting minor stresses are more harmful to health. Prolonged periods of stress can lead to chronic exhaustion and a weakened immune system.
It is important to seek appropriate help in a timely manner.
Professional help enables individuals to understand themselves better. A key task for the psychotherapist and client involves exploring the triggers of stress and the individual’s reaction patterns. The psychotherapist can assist in finding the most suitable relaxation techniques for the individual.